Resumo O aumento da ansiedade e dos sintomas depressivos têm relatado sua associação com doenças de longa duração. Por causa dos efeitos indesejáveis dos novos medicamentos disponíveis, os pacientes que administram medicamentos ansiolíticos geralmente interrompem o tratamento antes de estarem completamente recuperados. Portanto, há uma necessidade séria de desenvolver novos medicamentos ansiolíticos. Foi avaliado o efeito ansiolítico do extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei em modelos animais. Vinte e quatro camundongos machos (gênero Mus musculus) foram incluídos no estudo. Quatro grupos foram preparados, e cada grupo continha seis animais. Os grupos foram controle de veículo, controle positivo (diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p.), bem como dois grupos de tratamento recebendo extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 136,50 mg/kg e 273,0 mg/kg por via oral. O teste de enterrar Marble, o teste de retalhamento Nestlet e o teste de caixa clara e escura são usados para avaliar a atividade ansiolítica. Camundongos foram administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p., enquanto o extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) foi administrado por via oral, que exibiu redução acentuada no número de mármores enterrados em comparação com o grupo de controle de veículo. Camundongos administrados com diazepam 1,0 mg/kg, i.p. e a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de AbM (136,50 e 273,0 mg/kg, respectivamente) exibiu diminuição significativa na trituração de ninhos em comparação ao grupo de controle de veículo. A administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico na dose de 136,5mg/kg e 273mg/kg mostrou elevação no tempo gasto na caixa de luz e foi comparável ao grupo tratado padrão, enquanto o tempo gasto por camundongos após a administração oral de extrato hidroalcoólico de Agaricus blazei na dose de 273,0 mg/kg também mostrou elevação e foi mais próximo do grupo tratado padrão (diazepam 1 mg/kg, ip).

Abstract Increased anxiety and depressive symptoms have reported to be its association with long term illness. Because of having unwanted effects of newly available drugs, patients administering anxiolytic drugs usually discontinue the treatment before they are completely recovered. Therefore, there is a serious need to develop new anxiolytic drugs. The anxiolytic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei in animal models was assessed. 24 male mice (Mus musculus genus) were included in the study. Four groups were prepared and each group contained six animals. The groups were vehicle control, positive control (diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) as well as two treatment groups receiving Agaricus blazei hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.50 mg/kg and 273.0 mg/kg orally. The Marble burying test, Nestlet shredding test and Light and Dark box test used to assess anxiolytic activity. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. while hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) was administered via oral route which exhibited marked reduction in number of marbles-burying as compared to vehicle control group. Mice administered with diazepam 1.0 mg/kg, i.p. and Oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of AbM (136.50 and 273.0 mg/kg, respectively) exhibited significant decrease in nestlet shredding in comparison to vehicle control group. The oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract at a dose of 136.5mg/kg and 273mg/kg showed elevation in time spent in light box and was comparable to standard treated group while time spent by mice following oral administration of hydro-alcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei at a dose of 273.0 mg/kg also showed elevation and was found to be more near to standard treated group (diazepam 1 mg/kg, i.p.).

Aim to assess the effects of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa combination in tooth socket healing after extraction that can be a novel remedy for tooth extraction socket. Methods Forty rabbits were included in this study, divided into two groups (control and experimental) with 20 rabbits. Upper right central incisors were extracted for all animals, the tooth sockets of the experimental group were dressed using an admix of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa immediately after irrigation with normal saline. In contrast, the extraction sockets of the control group were left without dressing. Biopsies were taken after euthanizing the animals at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment, histological examination was done for the samples at the given periods respectively. Results On day 1 post-treatment, histological examination of the experimental group sections showed less acute inflammatory reaction than the control group. This continued to be reduced until the seventh day. The amount of granulation tissue formation was more in the experimental group along the different periods of the study, while new bone formation was observed after 1 week as woven bone, increased after 2 weeks and appeared as woven and lamellar bone in both experimental and control groups. Conclusions A mixture of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa has an anti-inflammatory effect and accelerate bone healing by stimulating bone formation in the tooth extraction socket.

Resumen Las reacciones de cicloadición de tipo zwitteriónico (tipo zw) [3+2] (32CA) de N-metil-C-3-bromofenil-nitrona 1 con maleato de dimetilo 2 con aumento de la electrofilicidad se investigaron utilizando la Teoría de la Densidad Electrónica Molecular (MEDT, por sus siglas en inglés) utilizando el nivel de teoría MPWB95/6-311++G(d,p). Tanto la reactividad como la selectividad se racionalizan en relación con la polaridad de la reacción. Las reacciones asociadas de tipo zw 32CA se aceleran debido al alto carácter nucleofílico de N-metil-C-3-bromofenil-nitrona 1 y al fuerte carácter electrofílico del maleato de dimetilo 2, que también juega un papel crítico en el mecanismo de la reacción, influyendo en la estereoselectividad, con entalpías de activación entre 34.04 y 38.37 kJ.mol-1, en fase gaseosa. Los índices de la Teoría de Funcionales de la Densidad Conceptual (CDFT, por sus siglas en inglés) se utilizan para anticipar el flujo global de densidad de electrones desde el nucleófilo N-metil-C-3-bromofenil-nitrona 1 hasta el maleato de dimetilo electrofílico 2. Estas reacciones exergónicas 32CA tienen energías libres de Gibbs negativa a lo largo de las vías estereoquímicas endo y exo. El proceso estereoquímico endo es preferido sobre la vía estereoquímica exo en esta reacción 32CA controlada cinéticamente. Las predicciones de la teoría de la evolución de enlaces (BET, por sus siglas en inglés) para las vías endo y exo indican un proceso de un paso con estados de transición temprana, que es compatible con el examen topológico de la Función de Localización Electrónica (ELF, por sus siglas en inglés) de los estados de transición.

Abstract The zwitterionic-type (zw-type) [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of N-methyl-C-3-bromophenyl-nitrone 1 with dimethyl maleate 2 with increased electrophilicity were investigated using the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the MPWB95/6-311++G(d,p) computational level. Both reactivity and selectivity are rationalized in relation to the polarity of the reaction. The associated zw-type 32CA reactions are accelerated due to the high nucleophilic character of N-methyl-C-3-bromophenyl-nitrone 1 and the strong electrophilic character of dimethyl maleate 2, which also play a critical part in the mechanism of the reaction, influencing the stereoselectivity, with activation enthalpies in between 34.04 and 38.37 kJ.mol-1 in the gas phase. The CDFT indices are used to anticipate global electron density flux from the nucleophilic N-methyl-C-3-bromophenyl-nitrone 1 to the electrophilic dimethyl maleate 2. These exergonic 32CA reactions have negative Gibbs free energy along the endo and exo stereochemical pathways. The endo stereochemical process is preferred over the exo stereochemical pathway in this kinetically controlled 32CA reaction. The predictions of bonding evolution theory (BET) for the endo and exo pathways indicate a one-step process with early transition states, which is compatible with the ELF topological examination of transition states.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a mixture of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa in treating dry socket and use as a substitute for alvogyl. Patients and method: 52 randomly selected patients with dry socket confirmed clinically by diagnosis, divided into 2 groups, each group containing 26 patient group A treated by admix, and group B treated by alvogyl, clinical features were recorded on the first, second, and third days after treatment. Results: Visual Analog Scale of pain showed a high score on day one but decreased significantly at 2 and 3 days in both groups. But there were no significant differences in pain scores between the two groups on day 1, day 2, or day 3 separately. The two groups revealed identical mean rank scores of pain during the whole study period. Conclusions: A mixture of Salvadoria persica and Nigella sativa showed a significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of dry socket and can be used as a substitute for alvogyl.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de una mezcla de Salvadoria persica y Nigella sativa en el tratamiento de la alveolitis seca y su uso como sustituto del alvogyl. Pacientes y método: 52 pacientes seleccionados al azar con alveolitis seca confirmada clínicamente por diagnóstico, divididos en 2 grupos, cada grupo con 26 pacientes del grupo A tratado con admix y del grupo B tratado con alvogyl. Las características clínicas se registraron al primer, segundo y tercer día después del tratamiento. Resultados: La escala analógica visual del dolor mostró una puntuación alta el primer día, pero disminuyó significativamente a los 2 y 3 días en ambos grupos. No hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de dolor entre los 2 grupos los días 1, 2 y 3 por separado. Los dos grupos revelaron las mismas puntuaciones medias de rango de dolor durante todo el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: Una mezcla de Salvadoria persica y Nigella sativa mostró un efecto analgésico y antinflamatorio significativo en el tratamiento de la alveolitis seca y puede utilizarse como sustituto del alvogyl.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a hipótese de que o Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) por ocasião da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva associa-se com readmissão, e identificar o nível desse escore que prediz com maior confiabilidade a readmissão à unidade de terapia intensiva dentro de 48 horas após a alta. Métodos: Este foi um estudo observacional retrospectivo a respeito do MEWS de pacientes que receberam alta da unidade de terapia intensiva. Comparamos dados demográficos, escores de severidade, características da doença crítica e MEWS de pacientes readmitidos e não readmitidos. Identificamos os fatores associados com a readmissão em um modelo de regressão logística. Construímos uma curva Característica de Operação do Receptor para o MEWS na predição da probabilidade de readmissão. Por fim, apresentamos o critério ideal com maior sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados: A taxa de readmissões foi de 2,6%, e o MEWS foi preditor significante de readmissão, juntamente do tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva acima de 10 dias e traqueostomia. A curva Característica de Operação do Receptor relativa ao MEWS para predizer a probabilidade de readmissão teve área sob a curva de 0,82, e MEWS acima de 6 teve sensibilidade de 0,78 (IC95% 0,66 - 0,9) e especificidade de 0,9 (IC95% 0,87 - 0,93). Conclusão: O MEWS associa-se com readmissão à unidade de terapia intensiva, e o escore acima de 6 teve excelente precisão como preditor prognóstico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) at the time of intensive care unit discharge is associated with readmission and to identify the MEWS that most reliably predicts intensive care unit readmission within 48 hours of discharge. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of the MEWSs of discharged patients from the intensive care unit. We compared the demographics, severity scores, critical illness characteristics, and MEWSs of readmitted and non-readmitted patients, identified factors associated with readmission in a logistic regression model, constructed a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of the MEWS in predicting the probability of readmission, and presented the optimum criterion with the highest sensitivity and specificity. Results: The readmission rate was 2.6%, and the MEWS was a significant predictor of readmission, along with intensive care unit length of stay > 10 days and tracheostomy. The ROC curve of the MEWS in predicting the readmission probability had an AUC of 0.82, and a MEWS > 6 carried a sensitivity of 0.78 (95%CI 0.66 - 0.9) and specificity of 0.9 (95%CI 0.87 - 0.93). Conclusion: The MEWS is associated with intensive care unit readmission, and a score > 6 has excellent accuracy as a prognostic predictor.